Working Papers
Executive summary: The working paper analyses cross-border crimes in the Sokoto–Zamfara–Katsina axis of the Nigeria–Niger borderlands. This particular border enclave provides a microcosm of the multi-faceted challenges associated with cross-border crimes, affording invaluable insights into the broader issues confronting the Sahel region in addressing such activities at both a regional and international level.
The study employed a qualitative approach, utilizing desk reviews alongside focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Findings highlight how criminal networks exploit porous borders to engage in cross-border crimes ranging from the smuggling of goods, drugs and arms to human trafficking. This surge in criminal activity presents significant challenges to border security and overall regional stability, exacerbating armed banditry and other illicit activities in border communities.
Analysis of partnership mechanisms exposes shortfalls in coordination between law enforcement agencies on both the Nigerian and Nigerien sides of the border, compounded by inadequate resources. Limited community engagement further impedes collaboration in addressing cross-border crime. Meanwhile, socio-economic and geopolitical factors—such as poverty, unemployment and weak governance structures—emerge as key contributors to the prevalence of these crimes.
Evaluation of legal frameworks and policy instruments reveals deficiencies in managing cross-border crime, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive legal reform and policy enhancements. Despite the essential role played by local communities in border security efforts, they generally lack awareness of crime prevention initiatives, and so have limited involvement. This points to the importance of developing strategies to enhance community participation, such as community policing and conducting awareness campaigns.
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The paper concludes by proposing a multi-faceted approach to curbing cross-border crime, with recommendations including organizing workshops to educate communities; training local NGOs; establishing border surveillance technology; pursuing integrated counter-terrorism efforts; ensuring concerted efforts to address socio-economic challenges; fostering collaboration between various stakeholders; advocating for policy reform and enforcement; promoting community-led development projects; and seeking assistance from international organizations to address root causes and monitor progress.
Author : Dr Abubakar Sama’Ila.
